The Story Of Mattie J. Jackson - 1152 Words

Mattie J. Jackson was born a slave in 1843 in St. Louis, Missouri. Her narrative was a book called â€Å"The Story of Mattie J. Jackson; Her Parentage—Experience of Eighteen Years in Slavery—Incidents During the War—Her escape from slavery. A True Story.† Similarly, like most slave narratives, it exemplifies the hardships of slavery up until to her freedom. Mattie’s narrative is a somewhat true depiction of a slave narrative because it is spoken through her mouth throughout the entire book except part of the preface. This is because the co-author is her stepfather’s wife; Dr. L.S. Thompson, who is black as well, and according to the â€Å"How to Read a Slave Narrative† article by the National Humanities Center most slave narratives were prefaced by a white person and rarely by a person of African descent (Andrews). According the narrative’s preface, she explains that her main goal for her book is to gain sympathy from people; ot hers like herself, who were bound against their will by a dominant race; white slave owners (Jackson 2). Mattie’s other goal is to raise money from the profits of her book in order to have a greater education. Thus, she encourages people to learn to be literate as it benefits them greatly. The harsh treatment and unjust practices of slavery reaffirms the values of abolitionists, but the character of her mother goes against the racial stereotypes of slaves. Despite the slave narrative being about her, the narrative demonstrates an unusually specific story of her

Summary Investigative Journalism Essay - 952 Words

Savannah Hamman Ms. Falbo Investigative Journalism 21 October 2016 Sleep and Students She woke up and stretched the stiffness from her limbs as she glanced at the clock, squinting through the blur of her tired eyes. 6:30 am, it read back to her, she sighed as she inched her way out of bed, not wanting to reach the edge and just stay in the warmth of her cozy sheets all day. When she finally stumbled into school, the students all around her were exactly the same. They walked the halls only half awake, hunching over and grumbling as they shuffled down the narrow halls. Only half conscious, still rubbing the sleep from their eyes. Through class, their eyes stared empty toward the board, barely aware of what is going on around them, slumping in their seats, just waiting for the final bell. This is just one case of the many sleep deprived teens across the country, and this is affecting all aspects in their life. Kids need a mandatory eight to ten hours of sleep each day or their school work, emotions, and relationships could be greatly affected and suffer a serious amount. Sleep is like food for the brain. It is where much important brain activity takes place. Research shows sleep deprived kids can find it challenging to get along with your friends and family and impact scores on school exams, or show effect on the court or on the field (National Sleep Foundation, â€Å"Teens and Sleep†). All the aspects that are impacted are very important to teens, and it really isn’tShow MoreRelatedEssay about Wikileaks and Julian Assange3373 Words   |  14 PagesThe first part of this essay explains background as well as global controversy surrounding Wikileaks and its spokesman, Julian Assange. The second part identifies the areas that Assange have directly impacte d, especially in terms of participation, journalism practice and privacy. Finally, the last part of this essay reflects on Assange’s role in the globalized media economy, particularly drawing on his background as an Australian as well as the position of Australia in global economy. The CuriosRead MoreThe Top Ten Most Twitter1474 Words   |  6 Pagesexposed to the media than their followers and are part of the intermediate layer. Around half of the information originating from the media passes to the masses indirectly through the opinion leaders (Wu, Mason, Hofman, Watts, 2011). Automated journalism is an important way technology will change reporting. Algorithms have been able to automatically produce news from structured data. Currently, algorithms can generate news for earthquake alerts, company earnings reports, and crime reporting. TheRead MoreFilm Critique of All the Presidents Men1541 Words   |  7 PagesI. Summary Opening in theaters around the United States in April of 1976, All the Presidents Men paints quite an accurate account of American journalism yet at the same time is a suspenseful adventure that manages to entertain and inform its viewers. Vincent Canby, a reviewer for the New York Times called the movie, an unequivocal smash-hitÂâ€"the thinking mans Jaws. Because the film is written from the perspective of Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, the movie works as a blockbuster, and notRead More Film Critique of All the Presidents Men Essay1497 Words   |  6 Pages I.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Summary Opening in theaters around the United States in April of 1976, All the President’s Men paints quite an accurate account of American journalism yet at the same time is a suspenseful adventure that manages to entertain and inform its viewers. Vincent Canby, a reviewer for the New York Times called the movie, â€Å"an unequivocal smash-hit—the thinking man’s Jaws.† Because the film is written from the perspective of Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, the movie worksRead MoreEssay about Corporate Interests and Their Impact on News Coverage2329 Words   |  10 PagesCorporate Interests and Their Impact on News Coverage Hypothesis There is no denying that news media is big business. The complete coverage of stories and investigative reports are certainly at risk with the rise of media as a business, rather than strictly a service to the public. Over the past few years, there have been a number of cases where television stations or news publications have killed news stories or forced reporters to slant stories due to pressure from advertisers or thoseRead MoreAnalysis of Daniel Byman ´s Why Drones Work and Majorie Chohn Killer Drone Attacks Illegal, Counter- Productive1599 Words   |  7 Pagesto accomplish by sending robots to kill suspected militants (Cohn 1). Not only do the strikes go against US military policy, but they also violate many principles of international law. Philip Alston, former UN Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary, or Arbitrary Executions, has given a clear definition for a targeted killing - â€Å"intentional, premeditated, and deliberate use of lethal force... against a speci fic individual who is not in the physical custody of the perpetrator† (Cohn 2). This specificRead MoreThe Revolutionary Tmz By Nicholas Schmidle934 Words   |  4 PagesLevin works to achieve his goal of revealing the Truth behind the celebrities. The title itself enunciates what the text is about (by referring to TMZ in subtitle) and what Schmidle feels about the issue of TMZ (with the key word Dirt). The investigative piece consists of anecdotes of famous stories (such as the Rice video), denunciation of TMZ (by showing how badly the celebrities are affected), Levin s work ethics and his working style (making him credible), and how fast the hub operates (inRead MoreA Brief Note On Journalism And Its Effects On Journalism1827 Words   |  8 Pages4-25-2016 Automating Journalism Journalism should be as automated as possible and the production of tools to help journalists supplement their articles should be encouraged. For data-intensive fields, more algorithms with the ability to report news without human intervention should be generated. Although there is a fear that these new technologies will have harmful effects on journalism, collaboration between the technology and journalism industries will benefit the future of journalism. New technologyRead MoreDrone Strikes Against Terrorism Essay1200 Words   |  5 PagesAdministration, 2009-2015, over 500 drone strikes were launched in Somalia, Pakistan and Yemen. The White House released its report which indicated the strikes had killed between 64-116 civilians. This is in contrast to estimates by The Bureau of Investigative Journalism which puts the figure of civilians killed between 380 and 801. The independent group remarks the release of the figures â€Å"does not include deaths in active battlefields incl uding Afghanistan – where US air attacks have shot up since ObamaRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of John Steinbeck s The 1937 Words   |  8 PagesSteinbeck is most commonly thought of a novel author first, the tendency of overlooking his involvement in journalism. His participation in this field has overarching effects on his fictional writing styles that produced some of the most prolific narratives works of the past century. His style boasted to be at its base the most honest form of writing. Pioneering a new frontier of journalism, Steinbeck entered an arena of that many authors have not considered. Taking the role as a â€Å"literary journalist

How to Study If You Only Have Minutes to Cram

Weve all been there: you either procrastinate or forget about a test until the last minute, at which point you realize that you have less than an hour to cram in as much knowledge as possible. Heres how to make the most of your cram session and study for your test in an hour or less. Find a Quiet Study Space If youre at school, head to the library or a quiet classroom. If youre studying at home, turn off the TV, shut off your phone, power down the computer, and head to your room. Politely request that your friends and/or family give you time to study quietly. If you have only a short period of time  to cram, youll need 100% of your focus. Review Your Study Guide If youve been lucky enough to receive a study guide from your teacher, use it! Study guides are a crammers best friend. Read through the study guide as many times as you can. Memorize as much of the content as possible, using mnemonic devices like acronyms or songs. You can also try reading out loud and discussing the content with a friend or family member. Dont worry about making flashcards or taking notes—an in-depth review of the study guide itself will be more effective. Crack Open the Textbook If you do not have a study guide, grab a pen and a notebook and open up your textbook. After youve confirmed which chapter(s) the test will cover, read the first two pages of each relevant chapter. Look for major ideas, vocabulary, and concepts, and as you read, summarize any words or phrase that are bold or highlighted in the text. (You can do this summary process in writing if you have time, or simply state your summary out loud). After youve read the first two pages of every chapter, read the last page of every chapter and answer the review questions in your head. If you cant figure out an answer to a review question, look it up in the textbook before moving on. These review questions are often good previews of the type of content to expect on your test. Review Notes, Quizzes and Assignments Dont have access to your textbook? Gather as many notes, quizzes, and assignments relevant to your upcoming test as you can. Your personal notes will hold plenty of useful information, and your teachers quizzes and assignments are often one of the main sources of test questions. Read every page as you would a study guide or textbook chapter, focusing on key terms and concepts. Try to memorize as much of the content as you can with mnemonic devices. Quiz Yourself Using your study guide, textbook, and/or previous assignments, hold a quick quiz session. Look for key terms, then cover up the answers with your hand and try to define them. Next, look for big concepts, then flip over the pages and explain the concepts in your head. Circle or write down any topics you have trouble with and review them several times. If you have time and access to a study buddy, he or she can help out by guiding you through one last quiz session, but self-studying is just as productive. Write Down Your Mnemonic Devices As soon as the teacher hands out the test and says begin, write your newly-created mnemonic devices (acronyms, phrases, etc.) down on your test paper. Seeing these mnemonic devices will jog your memory as you go through the test. Ask the Teacher for Help If you get confused or stuck during the test, dont be afraid to raise your hand and politely ask for help. Many teachers are willing to guide you in the right direction, particularly if they know you to be a hard-working student.

Social Media Critique - 1126 Words

As I’m lying down on the couch, sipping coffee and watching television, my sister enters the living room interrupting,† turn off the lame T.V. and check your Facebook account†. With a grand smile on her face, she asked me to check the latest photos updated by my brother; they were beautiful photos and videos of my niece and nephew growing up in USA. I looked at my sister, turned off the television and said,† well, I can’t see those sweethearts on T.V.† Social media nowadays is receiving a lot of attention, some think it’s a way of freedom of speech, others assume it’s negative and time wasting. The issue of social media is controversial. It’s being overused at certain times that it’s becoming shameful, violent, and it’s creating chaos and†¦show more content†¦Social media is a great way to do so; salesmen or companies just have to post their product and information on their page, and all you need to do is check out a review or a video link and judge the product (Duda, 2011). Also, social media is a chance for companies to show people that their more than just a logo, it makes people feel that they’re chatting with another person, not dealing with a faceless company. †Believe it or not people tend to trust their friends more than their companies. But there’s nothing that says your brand can’t be their friend too† (Duda, 2011). This shows that not only can u accept people as friends on social networks, you can also add and accept companies and get to know them and their products, and trust them as if they were your friends. People usually tend to trust recommendations from other people they know, and that’s what social networks like Facebook provide. Social media is taking over, and it will continue to do so in the coming decades, because by far it’s the easiest, most efficient mean of communication on a very wide range. You can literally know what’s happening in the whole world with one click. That’s why social media can become a very powerful source when used wisely, and for the same reason we cannot ignore its existence. Time has changed, and what seemed possible inShow MoreRelatedCritique on the Criminal Justice System and Social Media764 Words   |  4 Pagesaffairs and its unfairness. The message being conveyed by the criminal justice system is that the result of criminality is from a single persons weakness versus the inequities of the social class (177, 2). I find this interesting that the failures of the individual is being the pinpoint of criminality and that social inequity is being preserved in the doing so. b. The ones who suffer from the injustice of the criminal justice system and the failure of the reduction of street crime are the poor.Read MoreNarcissism And Social Networking Web Sites1450 Words   |  6 PagesThe article I chose for this critique was â€Å"Narcissism and Social Networking Web Sites† written by Laura E. Buffardi and W. Keith Campbell from the University of Georgia. This article is based on an experiment that was taken place to prove whether others could perceive a narcissistic individual as a narcissist through observing their social media sites. This experiment was a correlational type of study. The experimenters’ goal was to analyze whether there was any correlation or connection betweenRead MoreAn Analysis And Critique Of Advocacy Efforts828 Words   |  4 PagesAn analysis and critique of advocacy efforts Facebook is Australia’s most popular social media platform, second is YouTube, with Twitter coming in at seventh. (17) Neiger at al (18) state that social media can be used in public health to achieve the following: communicate with consumers, promote a brand, spread information, expand reach of public health efforts to broader and more diverse groups and foster public engagement and partnerships. Social media is being employed to accomplish a mix ofRead MoreThe Media Of The Digital Media Era868 Words   |  4 Pagesthe digital media era, the internet provides a platform for social media networking to become a major influence in the lives of everyone and everything imaginable. The internet is used for everything from entertainment to school, work, shopping, and research. Consumers also use the internet to play games, gather information, read blogs and websites; download, upload, and share text and media files, images, and music; communicate with others via email, instant mes sages, and social media sites. WithRead MoreSocial Media And The Media1192 Words   |  5 Pages However, â€Å"Contrary to the idea that social media creates a polarizing â€Å"filter bubble,† exposing people to only a narrow range of opinions, 70 percent of Millennials say that their social media feeds are comprised of diverse viewpoints evenly mixed between those similar to and different from their own. (American Press Institute, 2015, p. 3) This disputes the notion that everybody who engages in social media receive a uniform message, and these diverse viewpoints also enables users to become judiciousRead MoreFacebook s War On Free Speech1007 Words   |  5 Pagesaddition to supporter shaming being abundant in daily face-to-face interactions, social media, such as Twitter and Facebook, become a breeding ground for supporter shaming. On Twitter, Kevin Allred, a professor at Rutgers University, wrote, â€Å"If you’re white claiming being called racist for supporting Trump is a ‘bias incident,’ you ve lived the most privileged life ever! Ever!† The supporter shaming on social media, however, did not stop at the individual level; it grew to a systematic banningRead MoreThe Movie Nerve 1687 Words   |  7 Pagessociety, namely digital privacy and anonymity: Vee’s interaction with an overzealous social media platform make the consequences of online interaction apparent, and, through the w atchers, the dangers of not deviating from the opinion of a crowd materialize. Nerve offers commentary on social media by emphasizing the functioning of the game. Vee is a high school senior and, as most high school seniors, has active social media profiles. Seemingly harmlessly, information added to those profiles sits on theRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On The Development Of Mobile Technology1385 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Media Media Broadcast Marketing The increase of social media and the development of mobile technology in the last decade has been significant, which has transformed the communication strategies and especially with sharing the experiences and how information should be marketed to the target audience. According to Hollensen (2014), the selection of newspapers, web sites, and TV to be used for advertising (series of actions to reach goals) needs to be done (at the same time) with the developmentRead MoreSocial Media Has Taken Over The World1536 Words   |  7 Pagessubgroups of the internet is social networking. Social Networking is defined as, â€Å"Forms of electronic communication (as Web sites for social networking and microblogging) through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other content,† (Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary). Social networking has taken over the world, but ? In this new modern world of technology just about everyone uses some form of social media. Social media has given its everyday usersRead MoreThe Cultural Dimensions Of A World Wide Citizenship And Belonging Notion Within Globalization Essay1586 Words   |  7 Pagescitizenship and belonging notion within Globalization has ardently affected notions of citizenship in a local context which ultimately lead to the production of new understandings of the self and the community through the usage of social media. Analyzing the ethnography Social Media in Northern Chile by Nell Haynes, Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization by Arjun Appadurai, and the article, Negotiating the Global and National: immigrant and Dominant-Culture Adolescents’ Vocabularies of

Gender Portrayal Of Gender Roles - 953 Words

Introduction According to the United States Department of Labor, 69.7% of men compared to 57.2% of women were participating in the U.S. paid labor force in the year 2013 (U.S. Department of Labor, 2013). But despite this near equality in the rates of participation in the work force, men and women continue to be depicted in very distinct gender roles throughout the mainstream media (Eisend, 2010; Lull, Hanson, Marx, 1977; Collins, 2011). This gender stereotyping effect is especially prevalent within advertising. Because advertisements in the media frequently rely on gender roles to promote products and services (Eisend, 2010), research examining the effects of gender portrayals in advertising has become increasingly important in the social and behavioral sciences. Of particular significance to marketing professionals is the influence of gender stereotyping on perceived advertising effectiveness. Understanding how consumers respond to the gender roles depicted within advertising can ultimately lead to the adoption or revision of various marketing strategies. For example, research supports that men and women view products that are congruent with their own gender as more desirable (Eisend, 2010; Wolin, 2003). Male and female audiences, at times, will also respond positively to a stereotypical gendered image and have internal reinforcement of social gender norms (Bussey Bandura, 1999; Lafky, 1996). Applying these strategies within a practical setting in order to increaseShow MoreRelatedThe Portrayal Of Gender Roles1489 Words   |  6 Pages The Portrayal of Gender Roles in Disney Film Cinderella Min Ho Song, Shenice King, Kyler Ethier, Shebike Lovell Michelle Pompeo Humber College: Lakeshore Campus Wednesday November 11th, 2015 ABSTRACT: Change is almost inevitable in society. The framework behind the roles people play in society are widespread and have evolved throughout the years. Movies’ are no different, and depending on the millennium, the means of gender portrayal has prevailed! In the Disney filmRead MoreStereotypical Portrayal Of Gender Roles1841 Words   |  8 Pages Stereotypical Gender Roles Gender roles are norms that are expected from men and women. These norms were mainly established after World War II, late 1940s to mid-1950s, when all the men returned from the war and resumed working the jobs they had left in order to join the army and the majority of the women became home care providers, while some started working jobs, such as teachers, secretaries etc†¦. Today, although this is a different era, people are still fixated on the norms that emerged throughRead MorePortrayal Of Female Empowerment And Gender Roles Essay1894 Words   |  8 Pagescomponent, and having authority over others is critical in legitimizing that power. Women consistently lack agency and power, especially in political spheres. Fantastical worlds, like HBO’s television series Game of Thrones (GoT), portray women in roles of empowerment, but their power is contingent on men and on their own sexuality. Despite gaining positions in political power, women only attain that power or can on ly use that power in the realm of men and masculinity. This essay argues that womenRead MoreGender Role Portrayal And The Disney Princesses Essay1656 Words   |  7 Pagesstory lines and characters are setting up gender roles for children, essentially educating them on what society deems appropriate for their gender. Many of their movies often portray some stereotypical representation of gender, consistently depicting the heroine as the victim who needs help saving, playing the typical damsel in distress. For many years, the Disney Corporation has created a gold-mined with their princesses franchise by relying on gender stereotypes for many of their female heroinesRead MoreGender Roles And Socialization : Family Structure Portrayal And Parent Child Interactions2297 Words   |  10 Pagesand a lot differences between them. However, one thing most certainly remained the same: the love they had for one another. While watching a healthy dose of both shows, there are some diffe rences between them in regards to gender roles and socialization, family structure portrayal and parent-child interactions across the board. In The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet, the audience was introduced to a new nuclear family. This seemed like the new norm as some would call it ideal because there was an evidentRead MoreAdvertising Advertisements And Body Image1645 Words   |  7 Pagespositively and responsibly in advertising. History - WOMEN IN ADVERTISEMENTS AND BODY IMAGE Authors have also attempted to correlate various demographic variables such as age and education, as well as geographic variables with preferences for role portrayals in advertising. Through the ages men have been considered to be financial providers, career-focused, assertive and independent, whereas women have been shown as low-position workers, loving wives and mothers, responsible for raising children andRead MoreGender Portrayal Of The Media813 Words   |  4 PagesGender Portrayal in Media Media; â€Å"The main means of mass communication (broadcasting, publishing, and the Internet) regarded collectively† Oxford dictionary. In recent years a rising issue of media gender portrayal has been massively looked at from a sociological perspective. Everything and every picture has been depicted in this primarily visual age. There’s a giant number of visual information going through our conscious and subconscious daily at a fast pace. A lot of different point of viewsRead MoreEssay on How Do Gender Roles Get Portrayed in Disney Films?702 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction A. Definition of Gender Roles A gender role consists of characteristics that refer to a set of social and behavioral norms that are widely considered appropriate for either males or females. Gender roles are different throughout society and cultures. One gains gender roles unconsciously, consciously, or genetically due to cultural rules (Princeton). B. How film characters are seen by the audience Many people view women as weak in hopeless and males as strong and heroic in films. MaleRead MoreWhy And How Gender Stereotypes1654 Words   |  7 PagesWhy and How Gender Stereotypes in Advertisements are Challenged Traditional gender roles were constructed based on devotion to cultural value as well as social construct based geographical placement. Males were usually associated and expected to express masculinity while females on the other hand had to express femininity (Ickes). The gender roles have been preserved for too long and it has become almost like a permanent component of a society—like a body part itself, rather than a constructed normsRead MoreVisual images Reinforce Traditional Gender and Sexuality Stereotypes948 Words   |  4 Pagesreinforce traditional gender and sexuality stereotypes through the manifestation of the masculine and feminine miens. An examination of print media advertisements highlights the social and cultural ideologies associated with traditional gender roles that are expected and imposed on by society. â€Å"Advertisements are deeply woven into the fabric of Western Culture, drawing on and reinforcing commonly held perceptions and beliefs† of gender and sexuality stereotypes. They have a strong role in shaping society

Entrepreneurship For Hospitality Leaders †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Entrepreneurship For Hospitality Leaders. Answer: Introduction The purpose of this task is to provide a brief overview of the technological impacts on the Australian hotel and hospitality industry. The Australia hotel and hospitality industry are known for its welcoming nature towards the visitors of the country. The organizations present in this industry believe that tourism will help them to grow in the competitive index and gain reputation in the market as well. Further talking about business it should be noted that without innovation no entrepreneur and earn well in the market and innovation in the business is a factor which keeps them going in the international market as well. In short, sustainability is gained with the help of such practices. Use of disruptive is a part of innovation and entrepreneurship process only. Further, the below mentioned task talks about the use of disruptive innovation in the hotel and hospitality industry of Australia. Thesis Statement: The below mentioned task provides a detailed view of the impact role and future trends of the disruptive technology on the Australian hotel and hospitality industry. As technology has become one of the major aspects of growth so, the task talks about the ways in which such technology is used in the business process. Disruptive technology Disruptive technology refers to those technologies that significantly used to alter the ways in which business proceeds and operates in the market. More specifically it is a term in the field of business administration which relates to the process of innovation that creates new additional values in the activities of the company which influences the market to act in favor of them. Disruptive innovation specifically helps in the organization in attaining higher position in the market leaving the competitors behind (Guttentag, Smith, 2017). Further it should also be noted that not all innovations are disruptive, some innovations are also called sustainable innovation. Sustainable innovation refers to innovation that initiates sustainability of the company and its activities in the market whereas disruptive innovation refers to the innovation that creates identification of the company or industry in the market through its differential activities (Viglia, Pelloia, Buhalis, 2018). Disruptive innovation is used by entrepreneurs in the organization who aims to promote the company in the market by taking aggressive techniques and risks as well, not by the market leaders who have already established their markets. The disruptive technology was mainly identified by Milan Zeleny in the year 2009; he states that high quality technology which is used by industries in the market to replace, support or upgrades the outdated technologies in the market is called disruptive technology (Hallak, Assaker, OConnor, Lee, 2018). Such technologies simply help the business process in gaining more profits by becoming efficient in the market. Relating the concept to hotel and hospitality industry, it should be noted that this industry requires high degree of technical implication in their process to gain competence in the competitive index. Moreover, this industry helps the country to grow over time and increase their national income as well, as efficient tourism will increase the numbers of traveler visiting the country Australia. Disruptive technology has the biggest contribution in process of disruptive innovation implemented by entrepreneurs in the market (Guttentag, 2015). Impact of disruptive technology in Australian Hotel and Hospitality Industry Talking about the impact of disruptive technology, it should be noted that in hotel and hospitality industry, technology plays an important role as it helps the country to promote their tourism activities worldwide through social media marketing. Apart from that adventure tourism is also highly promoted in Australia, so technology helps the adventure tourism companies to initially promote their market trade and then aware people for saving the nature and the industry as well. Furthermore, the impact of disruptive technology is discussed below: Online Travel Agents (OTAs) scheme was introduced in the market of Australia so as to initiate consumer ownership by personal computers and help people to book tickets and use the services of the companies online. The biggest impact of disruptive technology in the Australian hotel and hospitality industry was that with the help of this process the consumer base of the companies increased which promoted international trade as well. Like, people from New York used the services of the hospitality companies of Australia to come and travel there due to which the country gained the income from their nature which increased the national income as well. Cross country culture trends also started gaining appreciations as the companies of Australia, with the use of technology identified the trends of different countries and used them in their industry which raised the satisfaction level of the customers in the market (Salvioni, 2016). As the process, disruptive innovation also induced price transparency in the market due to which the companies started earning the trust of the customers. As all the prices of the products were prior mentioned on the website of the company which helped the prospective visitors to compare between prices of different companies and choose the organization providing best services to them. All these activities collectively increased the satisfaction level of customers in the market (Veijola, et. al., 2014). Social media marketing techniques were collectively mixed with disruptive innovation with some risks as well. As the companies present in Australian hotel and hospitality industry created packaged tours for the customers gain higher level of satisfaction in the market. These packages included tickets for the rounds, accommodation, and food and site scene traveling expense. The customers were provided a discount on all such rates and a collective package; this increased the sales of the company along with technical advancement (Boxall, Nyanjom, Slaven, 2017). The industry became more safe and secure and the companies started using technology in their business. Adventure tourism was promoted in the market and all the services became more customers driven and efficient as well (Palacios-Marqus, Merig, Soto-Acosta, 2015). Role of disruptive technology in Australian Hotel and Hospitality Industry Technology to improve efficiencies The term technology itself suggests that it is a way to improve the efficacies of the organizations and industries using them. As discussed is above, technology is an aspect which helps a business to grow in long run and gain advantage in the target market as well. Similarly, it is the role of disruptive technology to analyze the resources and opportunities available to them and implement technology in such a way that identification is gained by the company in the market. Disruptive technology helps an organization to initiate activities which are not performed by any other organization in the market (Willie, et. al., 2017). Creating more personal experience Technology in the field of hotel andhospitality management aims to initiate lively experience to the customers so that they prefer the services of the industry again. As the adventure tourism industry of Australia says that they want to provide personal experience to the customer which makes them close to nature. So, it is the role of the technology to satisfy the requirements of the customers adequately, like many customers travel for business trips and many travels for gaining lively experience. So, the disruptive technology shall segregate the services provided to customers that they attain services which are required by them and pay only for that amount (Divisekera, Nguyen, 2018). Technology to save energy Technology is majorly used in this industry to replace the natural resource used by the company. The fact is known to all that natural resources are getting depleted day by day, due to which companies like Intrepid travels which are present in adventure tourism use technology to spread awareness regarding the use of energy in the environment. Such companies used disruptive technology to save energy, further talking about hotels present in the country; it should be noted that hotels are shifting towards environmental sustainability programs through which they are reducing the energy use and replacing them with technological advancement (Wang, So, Sparks, 2017). Cross Culture transaction and collective growth Another role of the disruptive technology is that it aims to increase the satisfaction level of companies by initiatingcross culture management activities. The hotel and hospitality industry is linked with the cross culture transaction of Australia with different countries. So, the role of technology is to link different countries collectively and organize actions in such a way that overall growth is made in the industry. Airline companies, hotels, travel companies etc. form a part of this industry which requires interaction with companies of other countries to grow and sustain. So, disruptive technology connects different organizations and industries which help the company to provide higher level of satisfaction to the customers along with harmony among different countries (Patiar, Ma, Kensbock, Cox, 2017). Future trends of disruptive technology in Australian Hotel and Hospitality Industry The robotics trend in hotels The report of Travel weekly stated that Americas Lodging Investment Summit (ALIS) is aiming to use robots for the help of hotels so as to deliver amenities at the doorstep of guest and providing them sanitation facilities. The initiation seems to contradict the role of hotel companies, as robots cannot provide homely and welcoming experience to the customers. But initiation of this technology will help the companies to fill the workforce gap and many employs are required by the company but few of them are available on the job. So the development of robot facilities will reduce the work pressure of employees and help the company to divide work properly and grow (Bowie, 2018). Technology to improve experiences As technology plays an important role in the travel lifecycle and it also helps in the promotion and advertisement activities for the industry in the target market. So, analyzing the future it should be noted that companies are now becoming more customer-centric and are focusing on increasing the satisfaction level of the customers. Activities like online booking, digital key for rooms, robotic services, automated check-in and check-out activities can be introduced by the companies present in Australian hotel and hospitality industry to gain appreciation (Chan, Okumus, Chan, 2017). Demand for data analysts and scientists There is an emerging demand for data analysts and scientists in the market so as to identify the right type of people for the services of the company. In order to truly understand the guests, the hotel operators are increasingly turning to data scientists to get under the skin of customers. In order to meet the high expectations of customers big data etc., activities are initiated in the industry (Brochado, Rita, Margarido, 2016). Generations and Technology The right types of people are being identified by the company who demands the services offered by the company. Like, adventure tourism services are mainly preferred by millennial tourist so the company is aiming to provide technological services to people according to generation. As old age, people will not understand complex technology (Rosenbaum, Wong, 2015). Recommendation Thus, it should be recommended to the industry that they should focus more on the research and development department field so that they are able to track competitive technology which can enhance the skills and abilities of the market to grow. Investment on RD will reduce the use of energy and will promote the activities of companies in the international market as well. Apart from that, disruptive technology should be initiated carefully and it shall not create destructions of the environment and the market in any way. Conclusion Thus, in the limelight of above mentioned events, it should be noted that disruptive technology refers to the process of technical changes in the organization which increase the profit margin of the company. The above mentioned report successfully explains the impact, role and future trends of the use of disruptive technology in the Australian hotel and hospitality industry. The task also talks about the recommendations to the industry to improve with the help of disruptive technology in the market. The report satisfactorily fulfills all the requirements of the task. References Bowie, D. (2018). Innovation and 19 the century hotel industry evolution. Tourism Management,64, 314-323. Boxall, K., Nyanjom, J., Slaven, J. (2017). Disability, hospitality and the new sharing economy.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, (just-accepted), 00-00. Brochado, A., Rita, P., Margarido, A. (2016). High tech meets high touch in upscale hotels.Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology,7(4), 347-365. Chan, E. S., Okumus, F., Chan, W. (2017). The applications of environmental technologies in hotels.Journal of Hospitality Marketing Management,26(1), 23-47. Divisekera, S., Nguyen, V. K. (2018). Determinants of innovation in tourism evidence from Australia.Tourism Management,67, 157-167. Guttentag, D. (2015). Airbnb: disruptive innovation and the rise of an informal tourism accommodation sector.Current issues in Tourism,18(12), 1192-1217. Guttentag, D. A., Smith, S. L. (2017). Assessing Airbnb as a disruptive innovation relative to hotels: Substitution and comparative performance expectations.International Journal of Hospitality Management,64, 1-10. Hallak, R., Assaker, G., OConnor, P., Lee, C. (2018). Firm performance in the upscale restaurant sector: The effects of resilience, creative self-efficacy, innovation and industry experience.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,40, 229-240. Palacios-Marqus, D., Merig, J. M., Soto-Acosta, P. (2015). Online social networks as an enabler of innovation in organizations.Management Decision,53(9), 1906-1920. Patiar, A., Ma, E., Kensbock, S., Cox, R. (2017). Hospitality Management Students Expectation and Perception of a Virtual Field Trip Web Site: An Australian Case Study Using ImportancePerformance Analysis.Journal of Hospitality Tourism Education,29(1), 1-12. Rosenbaum, M. S., Wong, I. A. (2015). If you install it, will they use it? Understanding why hospitality customers take technological pauses from self-service technology.Journal of Business Research,68(9), 1862-1868. Salvioni, D. (2016). Hotel Chains and the Sharing Economy in Global Tourism. Veijola, S., Molz, J. G., Pyyhtinen, O., Hockert, E., Grit, A., Molz, J. G., Hckert, E. (2014).Disruptive tourism and its untidy guests: Alternative ontologies for future hospitalities. Springer. Viglia, G., Pelloia, M., Buhalis, D. (2018). Information Technology in Hospitality Education. InInnovation in Hospitality Education(pp. 87-100). Springer, Cham. Wang, Y., So, K. K. F., Sparks, B. A. (2017). Technology readiness and customer satisfaction with travel technologies: a cross-country investigation.Journal of Travel Research,56(5), 563-577. Willie, P. A., Connor, D., Sole, J., Forgacs, G., Grieve, R., Mueller, J. (2017). Human capital challenges in the hotel industry of Canada: finding innovative solutions.Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes,9(4), 402-410.

Collective Critical Practice Developmental Approaches

Question: Discuss about theCollective Critical Practicefor Developmental Approaches. Answer: A Case Study Exploring the Challenges Faced by Individuals Living with Disability in the Australian Employment Sector There are high cases of discrimination against the people with disability in the Australian employment sector. Such people are not given equal opportunities to perform in the employment sector like their non-disabled counterparts. Most employers consider people with disability as not being able to perform to the same level as those who are not disabled. As a result, these people are excluded from the mainstream employment sector in Australia and denied access to employment opportunities which are open to their counterparts who are not disabled (Winn Hay, 2009, pp.103-115). On the other hand, the few who get lucky to be absorbed in the mainstream employment sector are faced with a myriad of challenges and obstacles that hinder them from performing to equal standards with those who are not disabled. They experience challenges from bosses as well as their colleagues such as stigma, discrimination, stereotypes as well as prejudices. Environmental, social, attitudinal as well as organizational barriers are some of the reasons that hinder full participation of the people living with disability in Australia in the mainstream employment sector. As a result, the employment agencies instead of stereotyping and prejudicing disabled persons on the basis of their level of impairment should focus on coming up with the best mechanisms that will address the challenges faced by the disabled persons in the employment sector and enable them compete on equal footing with their non -disabled counterparts (Shier, et al. 2009, pp.. 63-75). Some of the barriers that may hinder effective performance of persons living with disability and which needs to be addressed by the government as well as other employment agencies to enable the disabled persons compete favourable include; mobility issues as well as the general inability to carry out activities depending on the level of disability. Nonetheless, judging the capability of an indivi dual to perform in the employment sector based on their disability status is baseless and barbaric. Studies show that given equal opportunity, the disabled persons are able to perform in the employment sector to the same level or even better than their non -disabled counterparts. These individuals are only disabled and not unable. They are able to perform in the workplace and contribute significantly to the nations economic development, social capital as well as contribute positively to the overall development of the wider society (Bigby, 2008, pp.76-86). This is a report of a case study conducted among the disabled community of Australia to establish the challenges they face within the nations employment sector, the structural theories that shape the participation of the persons living with disabilities in the Australian employment sector, the inequalities that are inherent within the Australian community and the impact of these inequalities to the disabled persons as they participate in the employment sector as well as how these inequalities links with the global world (Dowse, 20 09, pp.571-584). The report also explores the principles and values of community development that apply to the disabled persons and their experiences in the Australian employment sector. Contrary to the believe by many that people living with disability are supposed to be confined at the roadside begging for help, these people are able and willing to work if given the opportunity in an attempt to achieve financial stability as well as to positively contribute to the economic development of their communities and society. In order to enable people with disability to achieve social inclusion, they should be fully allowed and given equal opportunity to participate in the employment sector of the nation without any form of discrimination, prejudice, stereotype or exclusion (Darcy Taylor, 2009, pp.419-441). This will not only contribute to their financial sustainability but also contribute to their physical as well as mental health thus make them have a sense of self-worth and personal well-being. To demonstrate the significance of work to the persons living with disability, Geisen (2011) maintain that engaging individuals in work ends up impacting positively to their well-being, personal health, level of identity as well as social inclusion. Hence, denying the disabled persons a chance to work does not only deny them a chance to contribute to the development of the society and their personal development but also impacts negatively to their health and well-being. Moreover, enabling the disabled persons to work will reduce over dependence on aide through organizations such as the Disabled Support Pension of Australia (DSP) as well as help the government of Australia address the rampant problem of labour shortage witnessed in the country (Forlin, 2006, pp.265-277). Furthermore, involvement of the disabled persons in the employment sector will help promote principles and values of community development such as independence, self -determination, social justice and equity and commu nity ownership as well as reduce overdependence on welfare benefits. One way through which the government of Australia can help persons living with disability have equal access to employment opportunities as their non-disabled counterparts is through education. Low education level among the disabled persons is a major contributing factor to the high levels of unemployment among the disabled people not only in Australia but across the globe. Most families view disabled children as a burden and therefore do not take them to school. As a result, there is a high illiteracy level among disabled persons across the world (Hall Wilton, 2011, pp.867-880). This makes it hard for the members of this group to compete favourably in the labour market with their non-disabled counterparts. Education will not only make the disabled persons gain access to employment but will also enable this group of persons acquire and access the principles and values of community development such as inclusivity, social justice and equity, enhanced natural capabilities and networks, community ownership as well as community self- determination. Having adequate education will help convince and appeal to employers within the Australian employment sector who hold misconceptions that employing a disabled person could slow the production rate of their businesses (Crowe, et al. 2006, pp.1497-1500). Furthermore, giving a disabled person the necessary adequate education will help change the attitude of employers who hold the belief that employing a disabled person comes with risks such as recruitment and maintenance costs. Research among employment agencies discovered that there are quite a number of employers willing to employ persons with disabilities. However, these employers fear that lack of confidence among the disabled persons in the knowledge they possess and the necessary competency to fulfil tasks could affect the performance of these people at the work place. Such employers lack trust in the skills that the disabled persons have and as a result fail to look at the benefits which such persons can bring to the organization rather than the disadvantages. Moreover, concerns over lack of disclosure among the disabled persons for a disability is one of the reasons affecting such people being recognized at the work place and given the necessary support to enable them perform (Humpage, 2007, 215-231). Most members of the disabled group fear disclosing their disability status due to the fear of being stigmatized and alienated from the mainstream employment sector. Power and Inequalities in the Socio-Political-Cultural Structures and its Effects to Disabled Persons and their Experiences in the Employment Sector Due to a long history of discrimination that stems from the family level, most disabled persons in Australia lack access to education. There are inequalities in the education of the disabled and the non-disabled due to structural discriminatory policies and practices. As a result, most disabled persons live in poverty and in slums with overcrowded housing facilities where they are surrounded by various levels of crime and where some live with malnutrition while others are left wondering on the streets of cities such as Melbourne as beggars. As a result of the living conditions of these persons, abolishing structural discriminatory policies and practices will be of little assistance to them as pertains to their involvement in the employment sector. Many will still be found unfit to hold positions in the formal employment due to a lack of education. At the same time, since they live in slums with poor infrastructural facilities, many will find it hard to access places of work (Meekosha Dowse, 2007, pp. 169-183). Moreover, structural discriminations that manifests in the social and political systems promote inequalities in the employment experiences between persons living with disabilities and their counterparts who are non-disabled. Disabled persons are subjected to discrimination in the systems such as justice, education, health as well as in the public service. Most of these systems are concerned with profit maximization rather than service to humanity. As a result, disabled persons who live in poverty are denied access to these basic systems due to a general of financial power to allow them access. As a result many end up suffering and even dying due to the lack of access to basic amenities such as health (Killackey, et al, 2006, pp.951-962). To address these issues wholesomely, strategies and solutions which promote ownership of the solutions that address their challenges should be adopted. The government of Australia in an attempt to address the experiences of persons living with disabilities in the mainstream employment sector has come with strategies that ensure employment support for disabled persons. The government has come up with initiatives of funding various agencies and networks that support people living with disabilities in the employment sector. Some of these agencies include; Disability Employment Services (DES) and the 2016 Women With Disabilities Australia (WWDA). In an attempt to empower persons living with disabilities, the government has come up with the National Disability Insurance Scheme, to offer financial assistance to persons with disability and enable them set up businesses hence save them the hustle of going out looking for jobs (Grady Ohlin, 2009, pp.161-169). Furthermore, community development organizations under the umbrella of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities has also come in handy with various initiatives aimed towards addressing the inequalities in the employment experiences between the disabled persons and the non-disabled persons. The processes employed in improving the experiences of persons living with disabilities in Australia in the mainstream employment sector and the outcomes registered can be considered as effective practice. The number of disabled persons employed in the mainstream employment sector has grown (Patterson Pegg, 2009, pp.387-402). Moreover, the living conditions of disabled persons has tremendously improved since they have access to sources of income through the mainstream employment sector as well as through businesses set up using the various grants from the government as well as from other community development agencies. Furthermore, due to public sensitization, the s tereotypes and prejudices against disabled persons in the employment sector has reduced to a great extent. Nonetheless, the developmental community work theory adopted by the government as well as by the various community development agencies to address the experiences of the persons living with disabilities in the mainstream employment sector has limits that have made them not to fully address the issues facing disabled persons in the mainstream employment sector. The development theory of stratifying persons as disabled and non-disabled and giving special treatment in the employment sector to one group could not fully address the employment problem among the disabled persons (George, et al, 2008, 165-176). A part from the negative experiences faced by persons living with disabilities in the employment sector in Australia due to prejudices and stereotypes that lead to discrimination, it is worthwhile to note that some of the employment experiences faced by these persons are self- instigated. As a result, other social theories such as the Transpersonal theories of human development could be used to address the employment problem among persons living with disabilities (Townsend-White, et al. 2012, pp.270-284). This theory that puts emphasis in making an individual to view themselves beyond identity roots in their bodies could help the disabled persons rise beyond self- pity and compete for employment opportunities favourably with other members of society. In conclusion, persons living with disabilities just like any other person have the capability to compete favourably in the mainstream employment sector if given the necessary support. Community development practices towards helping persons living with disabilities should be implemented to reduce the stereotypes and prejudices against this group of persons and to allow them contribute positively to the development of the society. Bibliography Bigby, C., 2008. Beset by obstacles: A review of Australian policy development to support ageing in place for people with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 33(1), pp.76-86. Crowe, T.P., Deane, F.P., Oades, L.G., Caputi, P. and Morland, K.G., 2006. Effectiveness of a collaborative recovery training program in Australia in promoting positive views about recovery. Psychiatric Services, 57(10), pp.1497-1500. Darcy, S. and Taylor, T., 2009. Disability citizenship: An Australian human rights analysis of the cultural industries. Leisure Studies, 28(4), pp.419-441. Dowse, L., 2009. Some people are never going to be able to do that. Challenges for people with intellectual disability in the 21st century. Disability Society, 24(5), pp.571-584. Forlin, C., 2006. Inclusive education in Australia ten years after Salamanca. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 21(3), pp.265-277. George, A., Vickers, M.H., Wilkes, L. and Barton, B., 2008. Working and caring for a child with chronic illness: Challenges in maintaining employment. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 20(3), pp.165-176. Grady, J. and Ohlin, J.B., 2009. Equal access to hospitality services for guests with mobility impairments under the Americans with Disabilities Act: Implications for the hospitality industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28(1), pp.161-169. Hall, E. and Wilton, R., 2011. Alternative spaces of workand inclusion for disabled people. Disability Society, 26(7), pp.867-880. Humpage, L., 2007. Models of disability, work and welfare in Australia. Social Policy Administration, 41(3), pp.215-231. Killackey, E.J., Jackson, H.J., Gleeson, J., Hickie, I.B. and Mcgorry, P.D., 2006. Exciting career opportunity beckons! Early intervention and vocational rehabilitation in first-episode psychosis: employing cautious optimism. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 40(11-12), pp.951-962. Meekosha, H. and Dowse, L., 2007. Integrating critical disability studies into social work education and practice: An Australian perspective. Practice, 19(3), pp.169-183. Patterson, I. and Pegg, S., 2009. Serious leisure and people with intellectual disabilities: Benefits and opportunities. Leisure Studies, 28(4), pp.387-402. Shier, M., Graham, J.R. and Jones, M.E., 2009. Barriers to employment as experienced by disabled people: a qualitative analysis in Calgary and Regina, Canada. Disability Society, 24(1), pp.63-75. Townsend?White, C., Pham, A.N.T. and Vassos, M.V., 2012. Review: a systematic review of quality of life measures for people with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviours. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 56(3), pp.270-284. Winn, S. and Hay, I., 2009. Transition from school for youths with a disability: issues and challenges. Disability Society, 24(1), pp.103-115.